Welcome, if you’re a newcomer to this enjoyable bi-weekly section of AllOutdoor.com! If you happen to’re simply becoming a member of us, we kicked off our deep dive into the Winchester Mannequin 1894 in Half I, the place we coated the historical past of John Browning’s legendary lever-action design. Right now, we’re tackling what may be essentially the most complicated side of the Mannequin 1894/94: its variations. That is going to be a protracted one, so settle in.
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Variations: Winchester Mannequin 1894/94
Let me be sincere proper up entrance: Winchester provided an virtually overwhelming array of choices and particular orders for the Mannequin 1894. For many years, you could possibly stroll right into a gun store with a catalog and custom-order darn close to something you wished: barrel size, barrel profile, inventory configuration, engraving, you identify it. The Cody Firearms Museum in Wyoming holds the particular order books that doc this insane selection, and belief me, these information are wild. For the sake of analysis sanity and phrase depend, we’re specializing in the core manufacturing variations, ones I settled on, the precise cataloged fashions that Winchester manufactured as distinct variations. The whole lot else, takedown options, octagon barrels, inventory choices, {custom} brief “Trapper” carbines had been options you could possibly add to those base configurations, not variations themselves.
What we’re protecting listed here are the seven true variations of the Winchester Mannequin 1894/94 that you simply’re really more likely to encounter within the wild.
1. The Rifle (26″ Barrel)
The unique configuration. When Winchester launched the Mannequin 1894 in late 1894, the usual rifle got here with a 26-inch barrel and a full-length journal tube. This was marketed as a looking rifle, not a saddle gun, and it was aimed squarely at sportsmen who wished attain and sight radius. The rifle had a straight-grip inventory with a crescent metal buttplate.
“Winchester Mannequin 1894 Lever Motion Rifle with Manufacturing unit Letter.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/1045/2235/winchester-model-1894-lever-action-rifle-with-factory-letter. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Right here’s the factor: rifles by no means offered like carbines. By an enormous margin. The 20-inch carbine was at all times the individuals’s selection, and Winchester finally stopped cataloging the usual rifle configuration within the early Nineteen Thirties as a result of no person was shopping for them. However throughout the Mannequin 1894’s heyday from 1894 via the Twenties, loads of rifles left the manufacturing unit. Octagon barrels had been a preferred particular order possibility on rifles, and also you’ll see a whole lot of survivors with that profile. They’re stunning weapons, however they’re much less frequent than carbines, which makes them extra collectible right this moment.
2. The Carbine (20″ Barrel)
That is it. The carbine is THE Winchester 94. When somebody says “Winchester 94,” they’re virtually definitely speaking a few 20-inch barreled carbine. This configuration was an absolute phenomenon. Shorter, lighter, quicker dealing with than the rifle – it was all the pieces a saddle gun wanted to be and all the pieces a brush hunter wished. The carbine got here in two fundamental types which might be price understanding:
Saddle Ring Carbine: This was the Western market model. It had a saddle ring mounted on the left aspect of the receiver, connected to a bar. The concept was you could possibly clip this to your saddle rigging and have the gun grasp proper there when you rode. In actuality, most guys simply used the ring to string a leather-based thong via for carrying. The saddle ring carbines are what you see in each Western film ever made.
“First Winchester Mannequin 1894 Carbine Ever Produced.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/4095/1017/first-winchester-model-1894-carbine-ever-produced. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Jap Carbine: Identical precise gun, however with out the saddle ring. Winchester found out fairly shortly that guys looking whitetails in Pennsylvania didn’t want a saddle ring, so that they began providing an “Jap” model. It’s the very same carbine in any other case – 20-inch barrel, full or two-thirds journal tube, carbine-style inventory. From what I’ve learn, Winchester began dropping the saddle rings on a whole lot of manufacturing carbines by the late Twenties anyway, as horses turned much less related and cars took over. The carbine is way and away the most typical Mannequin 1894 you’ll discover. It outsold the rifle by orders of magnitude and it’s what made Winchester wealthy.
3. Pre-Struggle Pre-64 (Pre-August 1942)
Now we’re entering into the era-based variations, and that is the place collectors get actually explicit. The Pre-Struggle Pre-64 weapons are thought of absolutely the pinnacle of Winchester Mannequin 94 high quality. We’re speaking about weapons constructed from 1894 up till August 1942, when Winchester halted receiver manufacturing for World Struggle II.
What makes these particular? The whole lot. The receivers had been cast and machined from 4140 bar inventory. Each half was hand-fitted. The end was Euro salt bluing, which provides that deep, wealthy coloration you don’t see on fashionable weapons. The wood-to-metal match was immaculate as a result of expert craftsmen really gave a rattling about how the gun seemed when it left the manufacturing unit. These weapons used strong metal pins all through – no hole roll pins, no shortcuts.
“Winchester Mannequin 1894 Lever Motion Brief Rifle.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/1043/2070/winchester-model-1894-lever-action-short-rifle. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
One figuring out characteristic: Pre-Struggle weapons have what collectors name “lengthy wooden,” which means the forearm extends additional down the barrel than later weapons. There are additionally variations in hammer types over time – early weapons had “cone hammers” with a particular conical form, which transitioned to “giant ring” hammers round 1900, then “small ring” hammers round 1903-1904. These are the weapons that command critical cash right this moment. A Pre-Struggle 94 in good situation with unique end is price significantly greater than its post-war siblings.
4. Put up-Struggle Pre-64 (1945-1964)
When Winchester resumed civilian manufacturing after WWII in 1945, the weapons had been nonetheless prime quality, however there have been refined modifications. Probably the most noticeable is “brief wooden” – the forearm is shorter than on pre-war weapons. One other distinctive characteristic that appeared within the late Nineteen Forties is the “flat band” carbine. As a substitute of the sooner barrel band type, post-war carbines typically featured a flatter, much less rounded band holding the forearm and journal tube. This can be a useless giveaway you’re taking a look at a post-war gun.
“Pre-64 Winchester Mannequin 94 Carbine with Unique Field.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/89/3064/pre64-winchester-model-94-carbine-with-original-box. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
The Put up-Struggle Pre-64 weapons are nonetheless cast receivers, nonetheless strong pins, nonetheless high quality manufacturing. They’re not fairly as hand-fitted because the pre-war weapons, however they’re miles forward of what got here subsequent. Winchester was nonetheless utilizing good metal and good processes, and these weapons are rock-solid dependable. Collectors love them, and so they nonetheless command premium costs – simply not fairly as a lot as pre-war examples. Manufacturing ran from 1945 till mid-1964, when all the pieces modified.
5. Put up-64 Prime Eject (1964-1982)
Right here’s the place the wheels got here off, at the very least when it comes to Winchester’s fame. In 1964, Winchester made sweeping manufacturing modifications to chop prices and compete with cheaper rifles flooding the market. The fits at Olin Company (Winchester’s father or mother firm) determined that hand-fitting and costly machining needed to go. What adopted was a catastrophe for Winchester’s picture that the corporate by no means totally recovered from.
The modifications: Receivers went from cast bar inventory to sintered metal or graphite metal castings. The shell lifter went from cast metal to stamped sheet steel. Strong metal pins had been changed with hole roll pins. The end went from correct bluing to, in some instances, baked-on paint. It was cheaper, quicker, and it seemed like hell in comparison with Pre-64 weapons.
“Winchester Mannequin 94 Lever Motion Carbine.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/5013/1278/winchester-model-94-lever-action-carbine. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Right here’s the factor – functionally, these weapons nonetheless work fantastic. They’re not unsafe. They’ll shoot simply as straight as a Pre-64. However they don’t have the soul. The match and end took a nosedive, and anybody with eyes might see it. Winchester tried to compete with Marlin and Savage on value, and in doing so, they cheapened essentially the most iconic lever gun in American historical past. Collectors right this moment draw a tough line at 1964. “Pre-64” is a badge of honor. “Put up-64” means you’re getting a shooter, not a collector piece. The market displays this – Pre-64 weapons are sometimes double or triple the worth of Put up-64 weapons in related situation.
6. Angle Eject (1982-2006)
By 1982, Winchester (now beneath new possession as U.S. Repeating Arms Firm) realized that they had an issue. The unique Mannequin 1894 ejected spent instances straight up and over the shooter’s proper shoulder. That’s fantastic with iron sights, however in case you wished to mount a scope, you had been screwed. The ejecting case would smack proper into the underside of the scope. Rivals like Marlin had side-ejecting actions that allowed straightforward scope mounting, and Winchester was shedding gross sales due to it.
So that they redesigned the ejection system. The Angle Eject mannequin ejects instances out to the best aspect at an angle as an alternative of straight up. The visible inform is a distinguished cutout on the best aspect of the receiver’s ejection port. These weapons got here from the manufacturing unit drilled and tapped for scope bases, and most included a hammer extension so you could possibly nonetheless cock the hammer with a scope mounted.
“Three Boxed Winchester Mannequin 94 AE XTR Angle Eject Lever Motion Rifles in 7-30 Waters.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/1025/933/three-boxed-winchester-model-94-ae-xtr-angle-eject-lever-action. Accessed 12 Aug. 2025.
Functionally, this was a significant enchancment for hunters who wished optics. The Angle Eject 94 is a sensible looking rifle in a manner the top-eject by no means was in case you wished a scope. However right here’s the rub – by 1992, Winchester added a crossbolt security proper via the receiver, which collectors hate. It’s ugly, it’s pointless on a gun with a half-cock place, and it put holes within the receiver that purists see as structural compromise.
Early Angle Eject weapons (1982-1984ish) additionally had completely different scope mount gap patterns, so in case you’re shopping for bases, make sure that they match your gun’s classic.
7. Massive Bore (1978-2006)
Winchester knew the usual Mannequin 94 motion couldn’t safely deal with cartridges far more highly effective than the .30-30. So once they wished to supply larger calibers, they beefed up the receiver. The Massive Bore 94 has a visibly bigger, stronger receiver designed to deal with high-pressure cartridges. The Massive Bore was chambered in .375 Winchester (operating at 52,000 psi – critical strain for a lever gun), .307 Winchester, .356 Winchester, and later .450 Marlin. These are professional big-game calibers. The .375 Win particularly was Winchester’s try to provide hunters extra punch in a lever gun platform.
Massive Bores had been made in each top-eject (1978-1982) and angle-eject (1983-2006) variations. Most had been within the XTR grade, which meant checkered walnut shares and higher total match and end than customary Put up-64 weapons. Serial numbers typically began with “BB” for early top-eject Massive Bores, then “AE” for angle-eject variations, earlier than being built-in into the common Mannequin 94 serial vary after 1984.
“Winchester Mannequin 94 Massive Bore Lever Motion Rifle in .375 Winchester.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/5019/752/winchester-model-94-big-bore-rifle-in-375-winchester. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Right here’s an attention-grabbing word: Winchester later chambered the .450 Marlin in customary Mannequin 94 receivers (not the Massive Bore body), which raised eyebrows amongst of us who puzzled if the additional beef was actually essential within the first place. That stated, Massive Bores are wanted right this moment, particularly in .375 and .307 Winchester, as a result of these calibers offer you real stopping energy in a lever gun that’s not a Marlin .45-70.
What About All The Different Stuff?
Now, you may be considering: “What about takedown rifles? What about octagon barrels? What about these brief ‘Trapper’ carbines?” These had been choices, not variations. Winchester provided takedown frames as a particular order – the barrel and journal tube meeting separated from the receiver for simpler transport or storage. Octagon barrels, half-octagon barrels, completely different inventory configurations, fancy engraving, tang sights – all particular order options you could possibly add to any of the bottom variations above.
“Two Winchester Mannequin 94 Lever Motion Carbines.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/1045/4202/two-winchester-model-94-lever-action-carbines. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
The “Trapper” carbine deserves particular point out as a result of individuals at all times ask about it. Winchester by no means cataloged a mannequin known as the “Trapper.” What they did do was settle for particular orders for short-barreled carbines, generally known as “Child Carbines” or “Particular Brief Carbines,” with barrels as brief as 14-16 inches. Winchester discontinued these particular brief orders in 1933, most likely because of the Nationwide Firearms Act issues brewing on the time. Right now, “Trapper” is a generic time period for any short-barreled 94, together with the manufacturing unit 16-inch variations Winchester made in later years. But when somebody tries to promote you a “real manufacturing unit Trapper” from the Twenties, know that it was a {custom} order, not a cataloged variation.
The Spin-Off Fashions
Winchester additionally produced three distinct fashions that had been constructed on the Mannequin 1894 motion however carried completely different mannequin numbers:
Winchester Mannequin 55 (1924-1932): When rifle gross sales slumped within the Twenties, Winchester tried to revive them with the Mannequin 55. It had a 24-inch barrel, a half-magazine holding three rounds, and got here in each takedown and solid-frame variations. It was solely provided in .30-30, .25-35, and .32 Winchester Particular. Winchester made about 20,000-21,000 of them earlier than giving up in 1932. They simply couldn’t compete with the usual Mannequin 94 carbine in gross sales, so Winchester killed the mannequin.
“Winchester Mannequin 55 Lever Motion Rifle.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/49/27/winchester-model-55-lever-action-rifle. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Winchester Mannequin 64 (1933-1957): This was Winchester’s try at an upscale sporting rifle. The Mannequin 64 got here customary with a pistol-grip inventory and a semi-beavertail forearm, giving it a extra “refined” look than the straight-grip Mannequin 94. It was provided in 20, 24, and 26-inch barrels, with .30-30 being the most typical chambering. The uncommon .219 Zipper chambering (1938-1941) is very collectible. Winchester consulted with Colonel Townsend Whelen on the design, and the outcome was a genuinely good rifle. About 66,000-67,000 had been made. Winchester briefly reintroduced it in 1972-73, all in .30-30.
“Wonderful Winchester Mannequin 64 Lever Motion Rifle with Unique Field.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/1049/759/winchester-model-64-lever-action-rifle-with-box. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Ted Williams Mannequin 100 (1964-1980): This was merely a Mannequin 94 carbine with Sears branding, offered as a part of Sears’ take care of retired baseball legend Ted Williams. Identical gun, completely different rollmark. Sears offered a whole lot of them, and so they’re completely good shooters, however they don’t command the identical collector curiosity as Winchester-branded weapons.
“Ted Williams/Sears Mannequin 100 Lever Motion Carbine.” Rock Island Public sale, www.rockislandauction.com/element/5013/1289/ted-williamssears-model-100-lever-action-carbine. Accessed 13 Oct. 2025.
Remaining Ideas on Variations
Look, the Winchester Mannequin 1894/94 has some of the sophisticated manufacturing histories of any firearm in existence. Over 130 years and seven+ million weapons, Winchester modified issues continually. Generally for good causes, generally for cost-cutting, generally simply because the market demanded it. What I’ve laid out listed here are the core variations you’ll really encounter and wish to grasp in case you’re shopping for, promoting, or gathering these rifles.
Effectively, girls and gents, we’re closing out the second a part of our Winchester Mannequin 1894 collection. Half III will sort out the benefit or the pressure that’s relationship these rifles and finding out serial numbers, manufacturing years, and all of the figuring out marks that’ll assist you determine precisely what you’ve bought. Until then, hold a watch out for extra data on essentially the most profitable lever-action rifle in American historical past. I hope to get the possibility to go over some extra juicy particulars quickly!
In closing, I hope our Curious Relics section knowledgeable in addition to entertained. This all was written in hopes of continued firearm appreciation and preservation. We didn’t simply notice how weapons had been alleged to look and performance. It was a protracted and tedious course of that has formed the world we stay in. So, I put it to you! Is there a firearm on the market that you simply really feel doesn’t get a lot notoriety? What ought to our subsequent Curious Relics matter cowl? As at all times, tell us your whole ideas within the Feedback beneath! We at all times respect your suggestions.
